![]() ![]() Instruments of both styles are normally manufactured as the reverse side of a conventional circular slide rule that is used to solve time/distance/speed problems and to convert between various units of measure. Considerable care and practice must be taken to prevent error, especially under adverse or in-flight conditions. The CR-6 style instruments requires the user to perform rather more readings and arithmetic operations. The E6-B requires marking the wind vector on the instrument face and performing a sequence of readings and basic arithmetic operations. ![]() 3,350,007) or on calculations from basic trigonometric ratios (the CR-6 style devices, e.g. Pilots are required to solve wind triangle problems without recourse to electronic calculators because such devices may not be available under adverse conditions.Įxisting instruments for solving wind triangle problems are based on either explicit vector addition (the E6-B style devices, e.g. These calculations are known as “wind triangle” problems after the vector addition method commonly used to find a solution. The pilot or navigator calculates heading and groundspeed knowing the direction from one waypoint to the next (the “track” direction), aircraft's cruising speed through the air (“airspeed”), and the speed and direction of the wind. To plan each sector of a flight, an aircraft pilot or navigator must know the direction to fly allowing for any drift caused by wind (the “heading” direction), and the aircraft's speed with respect to the ground (the “groundspeed”). This invention pertains to aircraft navigation and specifically to solving wind triangle problems. Not Applicable BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This framework of principles and procedures represents essential elements of management control and are the product of extensive analyses of management weaknesses.Not Applicable STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT In addition, GAO has developed a structured management approach for computer systems development. GAO believes the Government clearly needs a chartered, Federal computer service center to provide managers with managerial and technical system development expertise. GAO found that FAA has not implemented the parts of the planning and resources allocation order that apply to policy, mission analysis, long range planning, and program performance and evaluation. With better assurance of adequate equipment support, FAA can then adequately consider and plan the air traffic needs of the 1990's and beyond. GAO believes FAA should immediately initiate action to determine whether to buy a near term direct replacement system. ![]() To make an adequate and informed decision regarding near term direct replacement, GAO believes FAA needs to identify the full cost and all implications of simply maintaining the current system in terms of operations, maintenance, and software. GAO found that it is costing the Government more to continue using outmoded computers it now owns than it would cost to lease new, up-to-date computers. This schedule is inconsistent with Senate committee concerns and recommendations. The FAA reply projects a 3- to 4-year milestone schedule for near term computer system improvements and analysis of direct replacement of the current computer system. FAA was directed to report its actions on the recommendations to the appropriate committees by specific milestone dates. The Senate report contained recommendations to FAA. In its report, the Senate investigations staff found serious management and planning deficiencies in the en route air traffic control computer system. FAA officials had proposed acquiring a new $2.8 billion en route computer system sometime in the 1980's. The comments were based on the extensive review conducted by the Senate investigations staff, the GAO analysis on the FAA reply to the Senate report, the GAO report on direct replacement of economically obsolescent and outmoded computers in the Federal Government, and lessons learned from GAO reviews of other large Government computer system acquisitions. Comments were presented on the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Air Traffic Control Computer Modernization Program. ![]()
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